保證 飲用水安全系數，既關系惠民工程，也牽涉到社會穩定，是自然環境保護工作上的重中之重。自然環境保護部于二0一二年和二零一三年不斷2年組織開展了湖庫型、河流型集中型飲用水水源地自然環境保護關鍵監督管理，并在今年技術專業舉行電視電話會，再一次重視每個環境保護局要進一步加強飲用水水源保護，穩妥處理突發自然環境事件。

基層(ceng)環境(jing)保護(hu)局如何在實際工作上里將飲用水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)保護(hu)認真(zhen)落(luo)實？我(wo)感覺應從以下4方面著手：

首先，抓準位置(zhi)，做(zuo)好(hao)本(ben)職(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)立即。飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)所牽涉(she)到(dao)的企業(ye)較(jiao)多(duo)，環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)局務(wu)必抓準本(ben)身的位置(zhi)，在飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)監管中確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)以(yi)下3點(dian)，才能(neng)夠做(zuo)好(hao)本(ben)職(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)立即。一(yi)是(shi)作(zuo)為實(shi)行飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)治理統(tong)一(yi)管控(kong)的企業(ye)，應在飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)采(cai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)店鋪選址(zhi)、飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)區(qu)劃和保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)總體(ti)規劃以(yi)及(ji)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)突發自然環(huan)境事件(jian)應對(dui)(dui)措施中，為政府機構當好(hao)參謀(mou)。二是(shi)對(dui)(dui)當地飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的生(sheng)態環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)進行檢(jian)驗和鑒(jian)定，準時發布飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質信(xin)息。三是(shi)對(dui)(dui)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)開(kai)展巡查(cha)(cha)，依規對(dui)(dui)傷害飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質的空氣污染源(yuan)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理行為進行嚴厲查(cha)(cha)處(chu)。

第二，守(shou)好界線(xian)，轉送報(bao)告。環境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)局對所管(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)環保(bao)治理(li)工(gong)作上(shang)實行(xing)統一(yi)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方案，既要(yao)(yao)確保(bao)做(zuo)好本職(zhi)工(gong)作立即無失位(wei)，又要(yao)(yao)確保(bao)守(shou)好責(ze)任(ren)界線(xian)不足球越位(wei)，有(you)其他主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)部(bu)門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)馬上(shang)轉送，務必當(dang)地(di)政府(fu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)合理(li)對策的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)馬上(shang)報(bao)告。例如，發現飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)違(wei)(wei)規運用(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥、有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥料、農膜，家(jia)禽糞便空(kong)氣污(wu)染飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)，應該(gai)馬上(shang)轉交到農業、牧畜等行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)關(guan)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)；發現有(you)船舶在飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)搬運裝(zhuang)卸料石(shi)、運輸貨物(wu)，或(huo)(huo)向(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)傾倒垃圾、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)含(han)油率污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和生(sheng)活廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)的(de)(de)，要(yao)(yao)馬上(shang)轉交到山東(dong)海事局企業進行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)；發現飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)范圍運行(xing)內(nei)存(cun)有(you)違(wei)(wei)規污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)及(ji)違(wei)(wei)規建設(she)項目的(de)(de)，要(yao)(yao)馬上(shang)造成書(shu)面報(bao)告，報(bao)告當(dang)地(di)人民(min)政府(fu)，規定(ding)(ding)政府(fu)機(ji)(ji)構責(ze)令其限期拆裝(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)關(guan)閉。

第三(san)，結(jie)合(he)實際(ji)(ji)，突(tu)出重(zhong)點。對(dui)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)細(xi)胞外(wai)液難(nan)點的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，一(yi)(yi)般歷史發病原因復雜，解決(jue)難(nan)易度非常大。例(li)如《水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)防治(zhi)法(fa)》規(gui)定，禁止在(zai)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)新建(jian)(jian)、更新改造(zao)、改造(zao)與(yu)配(pei)(pei)電設(she)備和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)無關緊要(yao)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目；已竣工的(de)(de)與(yu)配(pei)(pei)電設(she)備和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)無關緊要(yao)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目，由(you)縣級以上人民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)責令(ling)拆裝或者(zhe)關閉。但(dan)(dan)在(zai)實際(ji)(ji)監(jian)管(guan)中，一(yi)(yi)般出現一(yi)(yi)部分飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)區(qu)劃(hua)(hua)時間后邊，而(er)普(pu)通(tong)百姓蓋房子居住(zhu)(zhu)時間在(zai)前的(de)(de)情(qing)況。雖(sui)然(ran)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)機(ji)構(gou)計劃(hua)(hua)方案實行動遷(qian)，但(dan)(dan)由(you)于動遷(qian)資金不(bu)足過大，政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)機(ji)構(gou)市(shi)財政(zheng)局沒(mei)法(fa)工作壓(ya)力，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng) 動遷(qian)進度緩(huan)慢。針對(dui)這類情(qing)況，不(bu)能(neng)一(yi)(yi)刀切，而(er)要(yao)結(jie)合(he)實際(ji)(ji)，突(tu)出重(zhong)點，重(zhong)視成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)要(yao)與(yu)住(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)、總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)等企業提高聯動，在(zai)總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)上加強監(jian)督，堅決(jue)杜絕在(zai)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)新建(jian)(jian)、改造(zao)民(min)(min)居。二是(shi)首先選擇(ze)搞好飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)口依法(fa)查(cha)處(chu)(chu)工作上，對(dui)于目前的(de)(de)、臨時性不(bu)能(neng)動遷(qian)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)居，要(yao)基建(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目服務(wu)設(she)施的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)截(jie)(jie)流(liu)管(guan)，將生(sheng)活(huo)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)截(jie)(jie)流(liu)至(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)外(wai)省，避免(mian)生(sheng)活(huo)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)對(dui)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)污染(ran)。三(san)是(shi)提高自然(ran)環境(jing)風險防控，提升(sheng)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)管(guan)路穿過和(he)地(di)(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)方案，對(dui)務(wu)必安全防護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)面(mian)和(he)道路公路橋梁設(she)置邊網(wang)，避免(mian)因駕駛機(ji)動車或交通(tong)事故(gu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng) 飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)空氣(qi)污染(ran)。

第四(si)，提升應急，防范(fan)風險。“兩高”法律規定(ding)(ding)將飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全系數納入(ru)刑訴法管(guan)理方(fang)案范(fan)疇，建立了造成(cheng) 城區(qu)以(yi)上(shang)集中型(xing)(xing)(xing)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)采水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中斷12小時(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)行(xing)為屬于情況嚴重空氣污(wu)染行(xing)為，而(er)造成(cheng) 縣級以(yi)上(shang)城區(qu)集中型(xing)(xing)(xing)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)采水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中斷12個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)，理當鑒定(ding)(ding)為負面(mian)影響特別是在情況嚴重。因此(ci)(ci)，在搞好集中型(xing)(xing)(xing)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)區(qu)監管(guan)的(de)大部分，還要(yao)搞好預埋飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)總體規劃店鋪選址與保護(hu)、服務設施基建項目供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網的(de)工(gong)作上(shang)。此(ci)(ci)外，需進一步完善飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)區(qu)自然環境應對措(cuo)施，配備(bei)相對性的(de)物資(zi)供應，保證 在突發自然環境狀況下人民(min)群眾(zhong)的(de)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全。